The medical condition most closely associated with sudden, severe back pain and a risk of sudden death is an aortic dissection.An aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the inner lining of the aorta, the body's main artery. Blood rushes through the tear, forcing the layers of the artery wall to separate. This creates a sensation often described as a sudden, sharp, "ripping" or "tearing" pain that can radiate to the chest, neck, or lower back.
