• Is perpetual economic growth compatible with ecological limits? Standard economics generally holds that it is, via technological progress, efficiency gains, and substitution. Ecological economists question this, pointing to the economy’s irreducible material and energy throughput. This leads to debates around “degrowth,” “steady-state economics”, and whether GDP growth is an appropriate policy goal at all [Dal,J].
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[Dal] Daly, H.E. (1996). Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development. Boston: Beacon Press.
[J] Jackson, T (2017). Prosperity Without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315677453
